Qalat / Kalat - Balochistan - Pakistan

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Country Pakistan
Province Balochistan
Capital Kalat
Established March 1954
Government
- District Nazim Mir Niamatullah Khan
- District Naib Nazim Molvi Abdul Rehman
Area
- Total 6.62 km2 (2.6 sq mi)
Population (2002 Estimate)
- Total 500,000
Time zone PST (UTC+5)
District Council
Number of Tehsils 2


Map of Balochistan Showing Kalat District

Kalat or Qalat (Urdu: ????) is a district in Balochistan, Pakistan. It is one of 26 in that province, and encompasses an area of 6,621 km?. The population of the district is estimated to be over 400,000 in 2005. The district is governed from the city of Kalat.

Kalat was notified as a district on February 3, 1954. At that time Khuzdar and Mastung districts were sub-divisions of Kalat (which then also included Bolan, Jhal Magsi and Naseerabad (Dera Murad Jamali); these were separated in 1965 as Kachhi District). Khuzdar became a separate district by notification of 1 March 1974, while Mastung was announced to be separate district on 18 February 1992. The district draws its name from the ancient city of Kalat. The old name of the district headquarters was Kahan. The current district consists of two sub-divisions, i.e. Kalat and Surab, five tehsils: Kalat Mangochar, Johan, Gazgz, and Surab, 81 patwar circles and 614 mauza (villages).

The climate is arid, hot in summer and cold in winter, with most rainfall occurring in the winter. The terrain is mountainous with several valleys and one main river, the Moro. The main economic activities are agriculture and livestock farming.

Administration
The district is administratively subdivided into the following tehsils:
Kalat
Surab

Population
According to the census of 1995, 89% of the population speak the Brahui language and 10% the Balochi language; presumably, this refers to the proportions of the population that name the said language as their native tongue. Over 98% of the population is Muslim. There is a small Zikri minority. The major Baloch tribes of the district are Qumbrani, Keeayzai, Dehwar, Mengal and Zehri. (ALIZAI)

Qalat or Kalat (Urdu: ????) is a historical town located in Kalat District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Qalat is the capital of Qalat District and is known locally as Qalat-e Baluch.

Qalat, formerly Qilat, is located roughly in the center of Balochistan, Pakistan, south and slightly west of the provincial capital Quetta. It was the capital of the Qalat Khanate. The population is almost completely Muslim.

History

The town of Kalat is said to have been founded by and named Qalat-e Sewa (Sewa's Fort), after Sewa, a legendary hero of the Brahui people.

The origins of the Brahui speaking tribes are uncertain, but their language indicates they are a Northern Dravidian people whose language has been modified by residence in the proximity of largely Iranian peoples, most notably the Baloch with whom the Brahui have been greatly mixed. The Brahui people had already long been resident in the Qalat area when the Balochi speaking tribes arrived from the west. The Balochis established a large kingdom in the 15th century, but it soon declined and the region fell to Afghan and Iranian invaders. The Brahui Khans of Qalat were dominant from the 16th century onwards until the arrival of the British in the 19th century. A treaty was signed in 1876 to make Qalat part of the British Empire.

In 1947, the Khan of Qalat, Mir Ahmad Yar Khan, decided to join Pakistan on request of Muhammad Ali Jinnah(founder of Pakistan), and decision was made that defence, currency, foreign office and finance will be controlled by federal govt. rest the province will control by itself. but later, after death of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, formation of one unit changed this situation and it was merged into Pakistan like other areas.

In 1948, Qalat became part of Pakistan when the British withdrew. The last Khan of Qalat was formally removed from power in 1955, but the title is still claimed by his descendents. The current Khan of Qalat is Mir Suleman Dawood Khan.

[Ankaboot]

Kalat or Qalat (Urdu: ????) was a princely state located in the centre of the modern province of Balochistan, Pakistan. The state capital was the town of Kalat.


Geography:
The State of Kalat was located between 25°1? and 30°8?N. And 61°37? and 69°22?E., with a total area of 11,593 square miles. It occupied the whole of the centre and south-west of the Province of Balochistan, with the exception of the indentation caused by the little State of Las Bela. It was bounded on the west by Persia; on the east by the Bolan Pass, the Maxi and Bugti hills, and Sindh; on the north by the Chagai and Quetta-Pishin Districts; and on the south by Las Bela and the Arabian Sea. With the exception of the plains of Kharan, Kachhi, and Dasht in Makran, the country is wholly mountainous, the ranges being intersected here and there by long narrow valleys. The principal mountains are the Central Brahui, Kirthar, Pab, Siahan, Central Makran and Makran Coast Ranges, which descend in elevation from about 10,000 to 1,200 feet. The drainage of the country is almost all carried off to the southward by the Nari, Mula, Hab, Porali, Hingol and Dasht rivers. The only large river draining northwards is the Rakhshan. The coast-line stretches for about 160 miles, from near Kalmat to Gwadar Bay, and the chief port is Pasni. Round Gwadar the country was in the possession of the Sultan of Muscat.

History
The state of Kalat was founded in 1638. The territories controlled by the state fluctuated over the centuries but eventually were established by treaties with the British Agent Robert Sandeman in the late 19th century. Parts of the state to the north and northeast were leased or ceded to form the province of British Baluchistan which later gained the status of a Chief Commissioners province.

On 31 March 1948, the state acceded to Pakistan and went on to form the Baluchistan States Union on 3 October 1952 with three neighbouring states. The state of Kalat ceased to exist on 14 October 1955 when the province of West Pakistan was formed.

Rulers of Kalat
The rulers of Kalat held the title of Wali originally but in 1739 also took the title (Begler Begi) Khan usually shortened to Khan. The last Khan of Kalat (Urdu: ??? ????) had the privilege of being the President of the Council of Rulers for the Baluchistan States Union.

Tenure Khan of Kalat
1666 - 1667 Ahmad I
1695 - 1696 Mir Mehrab
1697 - 1713 Samandar Khan
1713 - 1714 Ahmad II
1715 - 1730 Mir Abdullah
1730 - 1749 Mir Muhabbat
1749 - 1794 Mir Muhammad Nasir Khan I
1794 - 1831 Mir Mahmud Khan I
1831 - 13 November 1839 Mir Mehrab Khan II
1839 - 1840 Mir Shah Nawaz Khan
1840 - 1857 Mir Nasir Khan II
1857 - March 1863 Mir Khudadad Khan (1st time) during his period of rule, there were seven major and many minor rebellion took place.
March 1863 - May 1864 Sherdil Khan (usurped throne)
May 1864 - 15 August 1893 Mir Khudadad Khan (2nd time)
10 November 1893 - 3 November 1931 Mahmud Khan II
3 November 1931 - 10 September 1933 Mohammad Azam Jan Khan
10 September 1933 - 14 October 1955 Ahmad Yar Khan (1st time)
20 June 1958 - 1958 Ahmad Yar Khan (2nd time)(in rebellion)
14 October 1955 State of Kalat annexed by Pakistan

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